> Competitiveness is often confused with productivity. While productivity refers to the internal capability of an organization, competitiveness refers to the relative position of an organization against its competitors. … a firm may enhance its competitiveness by simply changing its strategies (eg, new marketing strategy), while maintaining the same the same level of productivity. Likewise, a nation can enhance its competitiveness by changing national policies (e.g., currency devaluation, protectionism), without increasing its domestic productivity. Therefore, we need to distinguish competitiveness from productivity and highlight the relevant strategy at various levels of analyses.